Nama : Maulidi Shabillal
Npm : 23217500
Kelas : 3EB17
Subject, Verb, Complement and Modifier
1. Subject
The subject of a sentence is the noun, pronoun or noun phrase that precedes and governs the main verb. The subject is the part of the sentence that performs an action or which is associated with the action.
Subject complement is divided into three , namely : predicate adjective ( subjects connected with the adjective ) , predicate noun ( subject associated with the noun ) , and predicate pronoun ( subject connected with the pronoun ). Subjects can either be “simple”, “complex”or “compound”.
a. Simple Subject
Composed of a single pronoun, noun or noun phrase.
For example :
b. Complex Subject
A complex subject consists of a noun phrase and any words, phrases, or clauses that modify it.
For example:
The man who had followed us inside walked over to the telephone.
=> central noun: man
=> complex subject: the man who had followed us inside
c. Compound subject
A compound subject consists of two or more noun phrases (and their modifiers if any) joined together with a coordinating conjunction
For example:
The man and the woman walked over to the telephone.
=> The compound subject here is the whole phrase, “the man and the woman.”
2. Verbs
Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does.
For example:
We buy some books to learn English verbs.
=> In this example, the action word is “to buy”. It tells us that the subject “we”, that is the person who performs the action of the verb is “buying some books”.
Most statements in speech and writing have a main verb. These verbs are expressed in “tenses” which place everything in a point in time. Verbs are conjugated (inflected) to reflect how they are used. There are two general areas in which conjugation occurs; for tense and for person.
a. Conjugation for tense
Conjugation for tense is carried out on all verbs. All conjugations start with the infinitive form of the verb. There are two other forms that the verb can take, depending on the tense type and time, the simple past form and the past participle. The form of the verb or its tense can tell when events take place.
For example, the verb kiss:
b. Conjugation for person
Conjugation for person occurs when the verb changes form, depending on whether it is governed by a first, second, or third person subject. This gives three conjugations for any verb depending on who is acting as the subject of the verb.
For example:
=> Note that only the third conjunction really shows a difference.
3. Complement
Complements (also called predicatives) complete the predicate by modifying a noun in the sentence; copulas or linking verbs require a complement to form a complete sentence.
a. Subject Complement - "The car is new." The subject complement follows a linking verb and modifies the subject. It can be a predicate adjective (He is happy), a predicate noun (He is the boss), or an adverbial complement (He is in the house).
b. Object Complement - "I painted my room purple." The object complement modifies the direct object, either by describing it or renaming it (They elected him governor). Object complements can cause some confusion; check out this Pain in the English post. Also see Wikipedia's note on Object Complements.
c. Adjective Complement - "He was happy to help." The adjective complement is a special case in which a group of words modifies an adjective. If removed, the adjective complement leaves a grammatically complete sentence, but the meaning of the sentence changes. The CCC Guide to Grammar and Writing explains the use of infinitive phrases as adjective complements. Note: predicative adjectives are also sometimes called adjective complements.
d. Verb Complement - Some grammarians use the term "verb complement" to refer to direct and indirect objects (see the "Objects" section above), while others use it to refer to a complement occuring after a linking verb (a subject complement)
4. Modifier
Tells the time, place or manner of the action. Very often it’s a prepositional phrase. Prepotional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun. Note : A modifier of time usually comes last if more than one modifier is present.
In the morning, at university, on the table
A modifier can also be an adverb or an adverbial phrase : Last night, hurriedly, next year, outdoors, yesterday
- John bought a book at the bookstore (modifier place).
- Jill was swimming in the pool yesterday (modifier of place) (modifier of time)
Note:
The modifier normally follows the complement, but not always. However, the modifier, especially when it’s a prepositional phrase, usually can’t separate the verb and the complement.
Past, Present and Future Tense
In the English language, tenses play an important role in sentence formation. The tense of a verb shows the time of an event or action.
The concept of time can be split into:
a. The Present: What you are currently doing.
b. The Past: What you did some time back.
c. The Future: What you will do later.
1. Present Tense
a. Simple Present Tense. In Simple Present, the action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about its completeness.
For example:
b. Present Continuous Tense. In Present Continuous, the action is on-going/ still going on and hence continuous.
For example:
c. Present Perfect Tense. In Present Perfect, the action is complete or has ended and hence termed Perfect.
For example:
d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense. In Present Perfect Continuous, the action has been taking place for some time and is still ongoing.
For example:
2. Past Tense
a. Simple Past Tense. In Simple Past, the action is simply mentioned and understood to have taken place in the past.
For example:
b. Past Continuous tense. In Past Continuous, the action was ongoing till a certain time in the past.
For example:
c. Past Perfect Tense. Past Perfect is used to express something that happened before another action in the past.
For example:
d. Past Perfect Continous Tense. Past Perfect Continuous is used to express something that started in the past and continued until another time in the past.
For example:
3. Future Tense
a. Simple Future Tense. Simple Future is used when we plan or make a decision to do something. Nothing is said about the time in the future.
For example:
b. Future Continous Tense. The future continuous tense is used to express action at a particular moment in the future. However, the action will not have finished at the moment.
For example:
c. Future Perfect Tense. Future Perfect expresses an action that will occur in the future before another action in the future.
For example:
d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense. Future Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an on-going action before some point in the future.
For example:
Source
https://eslgrammar.org/verb-tenses/
https://learningnerd.com/2006/09/10/english-grammar-basic-sentence-elements/
https://riozatayuu.wordpress.com/2017/03/20/subject-verb-complement-and-modifier/
https://www.sekolahbahasainggris.co.id/pengertianunsurjenis-dan-contoh-sentence-kalimat-dalam-bahasa-inggris/
Npm : 23217500
Kelas : 3EB17
Subject, Verb, Complement and Modifier
1. Subject
The subject of a sentence is the noun, pronoun or noun phrase that precedes and governs the main verb. The subject is the part of the sentence that performs an action or which is associated with the action.
Subject complement is divided into three , namely : predicate adjective ( subjects connected with the adjective ) , predicate noun ( subject associated with the noun ) , and predicate pronoun ( subject connected with the pronoun ). Subjects can either be “simple”, “complex”or “compound”.
a. Simple Subject
Composed of a single pronoun, noun or noun phrase.
For example :
- Tim ate an apple, (noun)
- She sweeps the floor, (pronoun)
- I will visit Tamara, (nama orang)
- The frightening girl screamed loudly, (participle)
- Swimming is my hobby, (gerund)
- To be successful is not difficult, (infinitive)
- It is raining, (impersonal it)
- There are no empty seats here, (expletive there)
b. Complex Subject
A complex subject consists of a noun phrase and any words, phrases, or clauses that modify it.
For example:
The man who had followed us inside walked over to the telephone.
=> central noun: man
=> complex subject: the man who had followed us inside
c. Compound subject
A compound subject consists of two or more noun phrases (and their modifiers if any) joined together with a coordinating conjunction
For example:
The man and the woman walked over to the telephone.
=> The compound subject here is the whole phrase, “the man and the woman.”
2. Verbs
Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does.
For example:
We buy some books to learn English verbs.
=> In this example, the action word is “to buy”. It tells us that the subject “we”, that is the person who performs the action of the verb is “buying some books”.
Most statements in speech and writing have a main verb. These verbs are expressed in “tenses” which place everything in a point in time. Verbs are conjugated (inflected) to reflect how they are used. There are two general areas in which conjugation occurs; for tense and for person.
a. Conjugation for tense
Conjugation for tense is carried out on all verbs. All conjugations start with the infinitive form of the verb. There are two other forms that the verb can take, depending on the tense type and time, the simple past form and the past participle. The form of the verb or its tense can tell when events take place.
For example, the verb kiss:
- Present Simple: kiss/kisses
- Past Simple: kissed
- Future Simple: will kiss
- Present Perfect: has/have kissed
- Past Perfect: had kissed
- Future Perfect: will have kissed
- Present Continuous (Progressive): is/am/are kissing
- Past Continuous (Progressive): was kissing
- Future Continuous (Progressive): will be kissing
- Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive): has/have been kissing
- Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive): had been kissing
- Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive): will have been kissing
b. Conjugation for person
Conjugation for person occurs when the verb changes form, depending on whether it is governed by a first, second, or third person subject. This gives three conjugations for any verb depending on who is acting as the subject of the verb.
For example:
- we have I begin
- you begin
- he begins.
=> Note that only the third conjunction really shows a difference.
3. Complement
Complements (also called predicatives) complete the predicate by modifying a noun in the sentence; copulas or linking verbs require a complement to form a complete sentence.
a. Subject Complement - "The car is new." The subject complement follows a linking verb and modifies the subject. It can be a predicate adjective (He is happy), a predicate noun (He is the boss), or an adverbial complement (He is in the house).
b. Object Complement - "I painted my room purple." The object complement modifies the direct object, either by describing it or renaming it (They elected him governor). Object complements can cause some confusion; check out this Pain in the English post. Also see Wikipedia's note on Object Complements.
c. Adjective Complement - "He was happy to help." The adjective complement is a special case in which a group of words modifies an adjective. If removed, the adjective complement leaves a grammatically complete sentence, but the meaning of the sentence changes. The CCC Guide to Grammar and Writing explains the use of infinitive phrases as adjective complements. Note: predicative adjectives are also sometimes called adjective complements.
d. Verb Complement - Some grammarians use the term "verb complement" to refer to direct and indirect objects (see the "Objects" section above), while others use it to refer to a complement occuring after a linking verb (a subject complement)
4. Modifier
Tells the time, place or manner of the action. Very often it’s a prepositional phrase. Prepotional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun. Note : A modifier of time usually comes last if more than one modifier is present.
- Example of prepositional phrases :
In the morning, at university, on the table
A modifier can also be an adverb or an adverbial phrase : Last night, hurriedly, next year, outdoors, yesterday
- Example :
- John bought a book at the bookstore (modifier place).
- Jill was swimming in the pool yesterday (modifier of place) (modifier of time)
Note:
The modifier normally follows the complement, but not always. However, the modifier, especially when it’s a prepositional phrase, usually can’t separate the verb and the complement.
Past, Present and Future Tense
In the English language, tenses play an important role in sentence formation. The tense of a verb shows the time of an event or action.
The concept of time can be split into:
a. The Present: What you are currently doing.
- I eat. – I am eating.
- She goes to school. – She is going to school.
b. The Past: What you did some time back.
- I ate. – I was eating.
- She went to school. – She was going to school.
c. The Future: What you will do later.
- I will eat. – I will be eating
- She will go to school
1. Present Tense
a. Simple Present Tense. In Simple Present, the action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about its completeness.
For example:
- I eat.
- I sleep.
- I play.
b. Present Continuous Tense. In Present Continuous, the action is on-going/ still going on and hence continuous.
For example:
- I am eating.
- I am sleeping.
- I am playing.
c. Present Perfect Tense. In Present Perfect, the action is complete or has ended and hence termed Perfect.
For example:
- I have eaten.
- I have slept.
- I have played.
d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense. In Present Perfect Continuous, the action has been taking place for some time and is still ongoing.
For example:
- I have been eating.
- I have been sleeping.
- I have been playing.
2. Past Tense
a. Simple Past Tense. In Simple Past, the action is simply mentioned and understood to have taken place in the past.
For example:
- I ate.
- I slept.
- I played.
b. Past Continuous tense. In Past Continuous, the action was ongoing till a certain time in the past.
For example:
- I was eating.
- I was sleeping.
- I was playing.
c. Past Perfect Tense. Past Perfect is used to express something that happened before another action in the past.
For example:
- I had eaten.
- I had slept.
- I had played.
d. Past Perfect Continous Tense. Past Perfect Continuous is used to express something that started in the past and continued until another time in the past.
For example:
- I had been eating.
- I had been sleeping.
- I had been playing.
3. Future Tense
a. Simple Future Tense. Simple Future is used when we plan or make a decision to do something. Nothing is said about the time in the future.
For example:
- I will eat.
- I will sleep.
- I will play.
b. Future Continous Tense. The future continuous tense is used to express action at a particular moment in the future. However, the action will not have finished at the moment.
For example:
- I will be eating at 9 a.m.
- I will be sleeping when you arrive.
- I will be playing at 5 p.m.
c. Future Perfect Tense. Future Perfect expresses an action that will occur in the future before another action in the future.
For example:
- I will have eaten before 10 a.m.
- I will have slept before you arrive.
- I will have played before 6 p.m.
d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense. Future Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an on-going action before some point in the future.
For example:
- I will have been sleeping for two hours when you arrive.
- I will have been playing for an hour when it is 5 p.m.
Source
https://eslgrammar.org/verb-tenses/
https://learningnerd.com/2006/09/10/english-grammar-basic-sentence-elements/
https://riozatayuu.wordpress.com/2017/03/20/subject-verb-complement-and-modifier/
https://www.sekolahbahasainggris.co.id/pengertianunsurjenis-dan-contoh-sentence-kalimat-dalam-bahasa-inggris/
Komentar
Posting Komentar